Almost every second man develops prostatitis at a different age. The disease is associated with inflammatory processes in the prostate, which can be caused by stagnant processes in the pelvic area, various infections. If the results of the analysis indicate the presence of a pathogen in the secretions of the prostate gland, the doctor diagnoses bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Cause
Based on its name, it becomes clear that the main reason for the development of this disease is the entry of bacteria into the prostate. The causative agents are:
- Intestine and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacter.
- Proteus.
- Sexually transmitted infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms are always present in the human body without harming it. However, when favorable conditions emerge, the infection begins to actively develop, causing the disease. Good conditions for these bacteria include:
- Urinary tract disease.
- A bacterial infection that develops in the body and can enter the prostate gland through blood or lymph fluid.
- Phimosis of the prostate.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Urethral catheterization.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or urethroprostatic), when the disease -causing organism enters the prostate.
- Transurethral surgery performed without prior antibiotic therapy.
- Urinary incontinence due to abnormal bladder structure.
- Conditions associated with decreased immune defenses (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis procedures).
When bacteria enter the prostate area, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively grow and inflammatory processes appear in the organs.
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing prostatitis include:
- Frequent diseases of the genitourinary system are contagious.
- The presence of helminthic attacks and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or untimely emptying of the bladder.
- Hypothermia.
- Irritation of the urethra with chemicals.
- Tapered sex life, lack of contraception.
The main cause of the development of inflammation of the prostate gland
- Prolonged sexual abstinence.
- The presence of bad habits.
- Weakened immunity.
- Improper nutrition.
- Body dehydration.
- Unstable lifestyle, which leads to the emergence of stagnant processes in the pelvic area.
- Frequent stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is impossible not to pay attention to the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, because this form of the disease begins acutely. Patients worry about:
- Body temperature rises, accompanied by chills.
- Painful sensation in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Pain in the urine. The patient noted pain and a burning sensation in the urethra, which was especially felt at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling incomplete emptying of the bladder.
- Constipation may occur due to squeezing of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of body intoxication (headache, general weakness of the body, body aches).
- Removal from the urethra.
The symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the degree of bacterial prostatitis:
- At the onset of the disease, the inflammation does not spread beyond the prostate. A man is worried about pain in the perineum, which can radiate to the sacral area. Urinate fast and it hurts.
- In the second stage, the inflammation passes to the lobules of the prostate gland. In this case, the pain increases and can be given to the anus. Urine is significantly disturbed, until its retention is complete.
- With this form of bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobes of the prostate. Patients complain of signs of body intoxication in general. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. Delayed urination becomes acute. There is a throbbing sensation in the perineum. Frequent constipation.
Possible complications
If treatment is not timely or of low quality, acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously endanger a person’s health and life. The most dangerous of these is sepsis.
Also, the infection can increase above the prostate gland and cause pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis can turn into a chronic form, its treatment is often difficult and leads to complications such as: adenomas, infertility, impotence, and so on.
Diagnostics
Because bacterial prostatitis has characteristic symptoms, it is usually easy to diagnose. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will perform an examination of the rectum by examining the area of the gland and taking a sample of secretions for analysis. The following studies help make the diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of patient blood and urine.
- Ultrasound of the prostate.
- Blood PSA.
- Analysis of scraping the epithelium of the urethra.
Treatment
The danger of bacterial prostatitis is that it is capable of becoming chronic in the shortest possible time. Therefore, it is very important to start treatment when identifying the first signs of the disease. However, this form of chronic disease contributes to the spread of inflammatory processes to surrounding tissues and organs. If you neglect treatment and do not take certain medications, then the prostate can atrophy completely.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can recommend this or that drug after examination and obtaining the results of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterial drugs is considered most appropriate for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the fact that antibiotics are able to make organ tissue permeable, the drug is able to permeate freely to the site of inflammation.
In the treatment of bacterial prostatitis, the following antibiotics are prescribed:
- Ampisilin.
- Macrolide preparations are quite effective in combating many pathogens of this disease.
- Drugs from the cephalosporin group are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are very susceptible to many bacteria. Due to the fact that these drugs have a large number of side effects, they are prescribed with caution.
- Tetracycline is difficult to tolerate, therefore, recently, it has rarely been prescribed.
The course of antibiotic treatment should not be less than 10 days.
In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They effectively relieve pain and inflammation of the prostate.
If problems with urination are observed, the patient is indicated the use of alpha-blockers, which cause a decrease in tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Often, bacterial prostatitis is accompanied by a state of depression and frequent mood swings of the patient. In such cases, doctors recommend the use of drugs with a sedative effect.
If the disease is severe, the patient requires detoxification treatment, which consists of intravenous glucose administration, saline solution with trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important for a man to adhere to the rules of drinking and drink at least 2 liters of clean water per day.
The prostatitis treatment regimen with medications should be aimed at normalizing blood circulation in the pelvic area and improving the body’s defenses. To do this, use:
- Vitamin and mineral complex.
- Antispasmodic.
- Immunomodulator.
- Biology.
In addition to taking medication, doctors will recommend doing microclysters with a decoction of medicinal ingredients (chamomile, calendula). The use of topical preparations in cases of bacterial prostatitis should be strictly restricted, as there is a high risk of various complications.
After elimination of the inflammatory process, the patient is given physiotherapy treatment (electrical prostate stimulation, magnetotherapy, etc. ). They help speed recovery and are done on an outpatient basis.
In extreme cases, when taking the drug does not give the desired result, the doctor may decide on a surgical operation. Interventions like these consist of prostate transplantation and are usually performed on older men. Young people are not given such treatment because of possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is quite difficult to treat it. Keep in mind that it can no longer be done at home.
Preventive measures
The best prevention of bacterial prostatitis is an active lifestyle. This is due to the fact that the gland itself lacks blood supply. Therefore, those who have an inactive job need to rest for a while to walk a little or do special exercises (pulling the anal muscles).
Contrasting showers give a good effect. In this case, the flow of water is directed directly to the perineum area. The time of use of warm (hot) water is 30 seconds, cold - should not exceed 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure should be 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Avoid body hypothermia.
- Fight constipation. If you are unable to get rid of it yourself, you should see a doctor who will advise on mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (choosing a permanent partner, using a condom in case of questionable intercourse, avoiding prolonged absence or overactive sex).
- Regular preventive checkups by a urologist for all men over 40-45 years of age.
Prediction
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in a man? The success of treatment depends on how timely and how competent the therapy is prescribed. In addition, this is influenced by age, lifestyle, stage of the disease, and the presence of other bodily diseases.
The acute phase responds well to drug treatment, which, after a few days, significantly improves the man's condition. But with improper treatment or its disruption, the possibility of recurrence and transition of prostatitis into a chronic form, which turns out to be more difficult to cure.
To avoid the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important for a man to monitor his health, observe preventive measures, and in case of discomfort in the perineum area, see a doctor.